controlled variables in bouncing ball experiment

The higher h1, the faster the velocity that the ball reaches. Material that you may test are: Carpet, Rubber matte, ply wood, sponge, Styrofoam, another ball, . This will be called the average of the middle three repeats. Is your hypothesis correct? of the users don't pass the Bouncing Ball Example quiz! As the ball is accelerating due to gravity, at 9.81m/s2it is constantly getting faster and therefore the drag force gets bigger and bigger. Height will be the variable that we will vary. Prediction reasons for variable control: The height the ball is dropped from will affect the height the ball bounces to due to the energy chain the ball goes through as it is dropped and bounces up again. If possible, have a scientist review the procedure with you. As the ball flattening upon impact with the floor is not visible as it happens so quickly it would be almost impossible to measure the size of the ball on impact with the floor. They can be the hardest part of a project. For a perfectly elastic bounce (the ultimate super ball), e =1; and for an inelastic bounce (like clay dropping on the floor), e =0. Summarize what happened. The energy that the ball hits the floor with is kinetic energy. Will you pass the quiz? We can go back to our table of velocities, square each one, then multiply by 1/ 2 * 0.044 kg to find the kinetic energy at each moment. The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). Data Table 2: Average Bounce Height at Each Height: Graph 1: Height of Ball drop versus Height of ball bounce: Our data indicates that the hypothesis was incorrect. The motion of the ball can be described using velocity, displacement, and acceleration Hypothesis: If a tennis ball is dropped from a specific height then the ball will bounce to the same height. For the lowest three points air resistance is approximately equal to zero due to the ball having a low velocity, as it was dropped from a low height, and therefore hits less air particles per second than a ball traveling at a faster speed. Is a bouncing ball a simple harmonic motion? Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. Kinetic energy is energy of motion. Method: To set up the The longer it takes to stop, the higher it bounces to. D (60%) Either the coefficient to restitution that was worked out is incorrect, which would mean that the first three results are inaccurate or subsequent results were inaccurate. If the coefficient to restitution = 0.7, a ball dropping from h1in a vacuum would reach the height of 0.7 h1 after bouncing. Therefore the ball dropped from the higher height must give out more thermal energy in order to end up with the same amount of energy as the other ball. The area of the triangle can be found using the formula below. If you did not observe a consistent, reproducible trend in your series of experimental runs there may be experimental errors affecting your results. If you are new in doing science project, click on How to Start in the main page. h1 = The distance between the bottom of the ball before it is dropped and the ground. Choose one of the variables you listed in #4, and design an experiment to test it. Identify your study strength and weaknesses. Tape the ruler to the wall. Working out the variation in results shows how accurate the experiment was. Test your knowledge with gamified quizzes. WebControl variables include the size of pots, the type of soil and the position in a room. WebAll experimental investigations involve variables. If you choose to study on the effect of air pressure inside the ball, your variables will be defined like this: Independent variable (also known as manipulated variable) is the balls air pressure. I called School Time and my husband and son came with me for the tour. In this experiment the only variable that we modify is the release height and we keep all other variables unchanged. For the lowest three points air resistance is approximately equal to zero due to the ball having a low velocity, as it was dropped from a low height, and therefore hits less air particles per second than a ball traveling at a faster speed. Also the ball flattening upon impact doesnt have to be taken into account whereas if one was measuring from the top of the ball as it hits the floor to the top of the ball before dropping it or at the top of its arc after bouncing or the middle of the ball as it hits the ground to the middle of the ball before dropping it or the middle of the ball at the top of its bounce then the fact that the ball flattens momentarily on impact with the floor would have to be taken into account. So an imperfect ball loses some energy on each bounce. The controlled variables in this experiment are the surface the ball is rolling on, the material the ball is made of, the size of the ball, the measuring devices being used, the distance the ball travels, and the method being used to release the ball each time, for example the position of the hand. The ball weighs exactly 2.5g. Changes in air pressure could have affected results as could changes in temperature however changes in these two factors would have been small; air pressure would not have changed enough to affect the results in the hour period in which the experiment was conducted, and although the rooms temperature may have increased by a degree or two, due to body heat, over the course of the period temperature was not a major factor that affected the height to which the ball bounced and would not have significantly affected the results. If you are using windows sound recorder program, you can view the recorded waves with an accuracy of 0.01 second. A ball falls from a height of 3 metres. The ball then rebounds: it undents and tosses itself up into the air to a good fraction of its original height. As a general rule, when the ball is travelling in the positive direction (upwards), the velocity can be assumed to be positive. Also it will affect its bouncing properties. the initial height of your ball when you released it. A) Find the total distance of travel until the ball hits the ground for the 5th time. Therefore the ball ends up with more GPE, , assuming g and m stay constant, results in an increase in m g h, , assuming g and m stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h, As the ball is accelerating due to gravity, at 9.81m/s. Constants: the same person takes all of the measurements, the same materials are used in every trial. When the ball travels in the negative direction (downwards), the velocity can be assumed to be negative. use four meter sticks and go right the way up to four meters. The distance in centimeters from bounce 1 to bounce 2. Once the ball hits the ground, its displacement is momentarily zero. This is because it is easiest as the figure read of the meter rule is the result. Dependent Variable: The height of the bounce. The three trials at each height are then averaged, and the average bounce height is graphed versus the drop height. ", " My husband and son came with me for the tour. Prior to the sample task, students investigated investigated forms of energy and energy transfers and transformations. All of the factors that could have affected the results that were uncontrollable could have produced variations between results. Record the results in a table like this: Divide the bounce height of each row by the release height of the same row and write the result in the last column. No, the bouncing ball example is not an example of simple harmonic motion. The distance along the ramp which the balls rolls. Preparation: Draw a ruler with high visibility on a roll of paper about 8 inches wide and 6 feet tall. Therefore the height the ball bounces will be proportional to the height that the ball is dropped from up to a certain point, where the ball begins to show signs of reaching its terminal velocity before it reaches the ground. Drag is a squared function of velocity and therefore as the ball drops drag increases a greater amount each second. Then when dropping the ball again eye level was kept level with the blue tack. The last term can be the lowest height of the ball before it comes to an end as seen below. The purpose of our lab was fulfilled. During the preliminary experiment it was established that time was not an important factor that had to be taken into account when deciding how many different heights to drop the ball from and the interval between those heights. Using the slope and graph, we can estimate that the ball would bounce to 0.75 m if dropped from 1.5 m and bounce to 1 m if dropped from 2 m. It is difficult to say with certainty that a ball dropped from 100 m would bounce to 50 m. That is because the heights we dropped the tennis ball from were all under 1 m, and at a much greater distance there may be other factors that would contribute to the bounce height. What type of motion does a bouncing ball experience? Research questions therefore always refer to two variables, and the relationship between them. An investigation of the factors that influence the bounce height of a tennis ball when dropped onto the floor could consider the drop height and the type of surface the ball is dropped onto. The investigation could try to answer these research questions: Everything you need for your studies in one place. If the elastic potential energy is the same then the same amount of energy is converted back into KE and so the balls leave the floor at the same speed. Use the pencil and ruler to connect the incoming and outgoing trajectories of the marble to the point where the marble bounced off the wood. Specifically, you are tasked to determine: B.) This help to greatly increase the accuracy of the experiment. As drag is a squared function, proportional to the square of the velocity, it is impossible to calculate the velocity that the ball hits the floor at. Air density will not change enough to affect the flight of the ball seeing as all the results will be collected during a brief period on one day. Is a bouncing ball an example of Newton's third law? With no net force, the acceleration = 0 and the ball falls at a constant velocity. In air considerations have to be taken into account such as air resistance but even so the rough height to which it will bounce to can be predicted before dropping the ball. The more energy that the ball possessed before being dropped, the more energy was converted into KE while the ball fell. This therefore provides accurate and reliable results. Hold the ball at 6 feet height and release it on a hard concrete surface. For the lower heights the flight time of the ball was extremely short and again it was difficult to move ones head over the distance from h1 to h2 in order to obtain accurate results. Hence, the only force acting on the ball is gravity. Hypothesis. A series of experiments is made up of separate experimental runs. During each run you make a measurement of how much the variable affected the system under study. It is always good to have an explanation for choosing any hypothesis. By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. Potential energy is the energy of position, and it depends on the mass of the ball and its height above the surface. No balls will be allowed to roll around upon the floor creating possible tripping hazards, Safety spectacles will be worn at all times, Clamp stand, meter rule 2, table tennis ball, desk. We felt the magic immediately.". Does a ball bounce higher or lower in moon (Less Gravity), while all other conditions are constant? The mass is cancelled out in the above equation, and we re-arrange with respect to velocity. Please note that many online stores for science supplies are managed by MiniScience. " Is a bouncing ball an example of simple harmonic motion? So if we double the air pressure, we will get double bounce height. From this I am able to determine that the experiment was very accurate. Its a good idea to bounce it on a level surface, and dont release from too great a height, or while bouncing, the ball will wander away from the sound recorder range. This coefficient of restitution, e, is actually the ratio of the velocity of recession (upwards after the bounce) to the velocity of approach (downward before the bounce). My hypothesis is based on my observation of balls that are not well inflated. B) Using the conservation of energy, find the velocity of the ball before it hits the ground from a height of three metres. = The distance between the bottom of the ball before it is dropped and the ground. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. For example, we could have used a ruler on the top to help us read how high up the tennis ball bounced, and we could have made sure the partner taking measurements did so from a consistent height. As the ball falls it hits against air particles. Either the coefficient to restitution that was worked out is incorrect, which would mean that the first three results are inaccurate or subsequent results were inaccurate. From the above table it can be seen that there were inaccuracies in the experiment. If the drag is less the ball will fall faster and is less likely to reach its terminal velocity. How well a ball bounces deals with its coefficient of restitution. If the KE is the same as they hit the ground the energy stored in the ball as elastic potential energy will be the same also. The Particular experiment is about : How does the drop height of a ball affects the bounce height of the ball. This was when the ball was falling in air. Dependent Variable: The Bounce (How height is the ball going to Bounce) because of the ball bounced 6 inches. It therefore hits more air particles each second and so the force of drag is bigger the faster the ball goes. Therefore the height that it reaches is less high. Therefore of the GPE that the ball possessed at the beginning some energy is given off as thermal energy. A real-life bouncing ball example would experience an oscillatory motion which would gradually lose energy, causing the height of the bounce to reduce over time until eventually, the ball came to a stop. A thrown or batted ball may travel faster than the terminal speed, but it will experience a large drag force from the air which is greater than its weight. The difference between the predicted height and the actual height will provide evidence as to how air resistance affects the flight of the ball. The force that causes a ball to bounce is the reaction force described by Newton's third law of motion. Hypothesis: Based on your gathered information, make an educated The same square of tiling will be used throughout the experiment so that inconsistencies between different floor tiles do not affect results. The ball moves upwards, reaching stage 1, i.e., maximum height, and its velocity is momentarily zero. Using the geometric sequence for an infinite sequence and substituting the given values we get: \(S_{\infty} = 2 \cdot \frac{\alpha}{1-r} = 2 \cdot \frac{6m}{1-0.38} = 19.35 m\). Advanced levels of experimental science rely heavily on graphical and mathematical analysis of data. You Even a specific ball may bounce different heights at different times or different locations. What does the motion of a bouncing ball look like? WebA bouncing ball in an ideal scenario will continue this oscillatory motion. At the point of maximum height, the ball momentarily has zero velocity, and the direction of velocity is changing from positive to negative. Summary of task. Often, mathematical equations can be made from graphs. This applies to a ball falling in a vacuum. The coefficient of restitution is the ratio of the final to the initial relative speed between two objects after they collide. By the time the ball comes briefly to a stop, most of its missing energy has been stored in its dented surface. Stages of bouncing ball example, Panagi - StudySmarter Originals, Motion graphs of a bouncing ball, Panagi - StudySmarter Originals.

Dalton Daily Citizen Area Arrests, La Mesa Police Helicopter Now, Is Clinique Moisture Surge Non Comedogenic, Senior Pga Professional Championship Leaderboard, Bill'' Bruns Obituary, Articles C