dictatorship government

Personalist regimes diverge from other regimes when it comes to their longevity, methods of breakdown, levels of corruption, and proneness to conflicts. Democracy Features & Examples | What is a Democratic Country? Stability in a dictatorship is maintained through coercion and political repression, which involves the restriction of access to information, the tracking of the political opposition, and acts of violence. The dictator has absolute power. Learn a new word every day. [75] Lenin was followed by Joseph Stalin in 1924, who consolidated total power and implemented totalitarian rule by 1929. [136] Should a dictatorship fail, elections also permit dictators and elites to accept defeat without fearing violent recourse. While common in the 20th century, the prominence of military dictatorships declined in the 1970s and 1980s. They tended to ally with a particular social class and attempted either to maintain the interests of wealthy and privileged elites or institute far-reaching left-wing social reforms. [3] Elites must also compete to wield more power than one another, but the amount of power held by elites also depends on their unity. [100] Josip Broz Tito declared a communist government in Yugoslavia during World War II, which was initially aligned with the Soviet Union. The earliest military dictatorships developed in the post-classical era, particularly in Shogun-era Japan and in England under Cromwell. Personalist dictators may be members of the military or leaders of a political party, but neither the military nor the party exercises power independently from the dictator. Dictators employ techniques of mass propaganda to sustain public support. I feel like its a lifeline. There are three main characteristics of a dictatorship. Communist dictatorships in the region aligned with China following the latter's establishment as a communist state. The two systems, however, may be distinguished in several ways. Dictatorship is the special type of ruling over a country. Allowing the opposition to have representation in the regime, such as through a legislature, further reduces the likelihood of terrorist attacks in a dictatorship. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. [117] Generally, two research approaches exist: the minimalist approach, which focuses on whether a country has continued elections that are competitive, and the substantive approach, which expands the concept of democracy to include human rights, freedom of the press, and the rule of law. Unitary Government Examples, Pros & Cons | What is a Unitary Government? The communist and fascist dictatorships that arose in various technologically advanced countries in the first half of the 20th century were distinctively different from the authoritarian regimes of Latin America or the postcolonial dictatorships of Africa and Asia. [26] Ruling parties in one-party dictatorships are distinct from political parties that were created to serve a dictator in that the ruling party in a one-party dictatorship permeates every level of society. Current leader Kim Jong-un has consolidated his power, purging . [98], One of the tasks in political science is to measure and classify regimes as either democracies or dictatorship (authoritarian) countries. Often, too, 20th-century dictators in Latin America allied themselves with a particular social class, attempting either to maintain the interests of established economic groupings or to press social reforms. Today, the term "dictator" is associated with cruel and oppressive rulers who violate human rights and maintain their power by jailing and executing their opponents. Single-party dictatorships are one-party states in which only the party in power is legalized and all opposition parties are banned. Mao established the People's Republic of China as a one-party communist state under his governing ideology of Maoism. They are more likely to end in violence and less likely to democratize than other forms of dictatorship. These nationalist movements supported non-alignment, keeping most Middle Eastern dictatorships out of the American and Soviet spheres of influence. He began his rule in 2011 and has been the leader of the Workers' Party of Korea since 2012. A dictatorship leader is a political leader who possesses absolute power. They are often unstable, and the average duration of a military dictatorship is only five years, but they are often followed by additional military coups and military dictatorships. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. A personalist dictator will manage these appointees by segmenting the government so that they cannot collaborate. Make a list of at least four leaders from world history that could be considered dictators. In the new states of Africa and Asia after World War II, dictators quickly established themselves on the ruins of constitutional arrangements inherited from the Western colonial powers that had proved unworkable in the absence of a strong middle class and in the face of local traditions of autocratic rule. The proclamation of emergency rule, for example, was the beginning of the dictatorships of Hitler in Germany, Benito Mussolini in Italy, Kemal Atatrk in Turkey, Jzef Pisudki in Poland, and Antnio de Oliveira Salazar in Portugal. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. [133] A study found that dictatorships that engage in oil drilling are more likely to remain in power, with 70.63% of the dictators who engage in oil drilling still being in power after 5 years of dictatorship, while only 59.92% of the non-oil producing dictators survive the first 5 years. [91], The Chinese Civil War ended in 1949, splitting the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-shek and the People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong. Nearly half of dictatorships start as a military coup, though others have been started by foreign intervention, elected officials ending competitive elections, insurgent takeovers, popular uprisings by citizens, or legal maneuvering by autocratic elites to take power within their government. Stability can be weakened when opposition groups grow and unify or when elites are not loyal to the regime. They seize power to benefit themselves, their families and their close political allies. [81] These reforms incorporated totalitarianism, fealty to the state, expansionism, corporatism, and anti-communism. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Send us feedback about these examples. [84] Other nationalist movements in Europe established dictatorships based on the fascist model. The other was a constitutional democracy. Try not to focus so much on whether you are right or wrong, but rather, ask yourself if the leaders that you put on the list fit the characteristics ascribed to dictators. [108], Dictatorship in Europe largely ended after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, and the liberalization of most communist states. Industrialization produces new, differentiated elites that replace the small leadership groupings that once controlled social, economic, and political power in the society. Often, dictators come to power through military coups or by undermining democracy. To save this word, you'll need to log in. By contrast, Soviet communism grew out of a revolutionary theory of society, pursued the goal of revolutionary overthrow of capitalist systems internationally, and employed the complex bureaucratic structures of the Communist Party as mechanisms of governmental organization. Delivered to your inbox! Summary. . Ancient philosophers descriptions of the tyrannies of Greece and Sicily go far toward characterizing modern dictatorships. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Many dictatorships thrive on a cult of personality that results in the ruler being seen and even worshiped as a god. Origin 1540-1580 Middle English < Latin dicttor (dictator + ship) What is a Dictatorship Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. [62][63][64] Maximilien Robespierre has been similarly described as a dictator while he controlled the National Convention in France and carried out the Reign of Terror in 1793 and 1794. Dictatorships are authoritarian or totalitarian and they can be classified as military dictatorships, one-party dictatorships, personalist dictatorships, or absolute monarchies. totalitarianism, form of government that theoretically permits no individual freedom and that seeks to subordinate all aspects of individual life to the authority of the state. A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, who hold governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. While royal rule, as legitimized by blood descent, had almost vanished as an effective principle of government in the modern world, monocracya term that comprehends the rule of non-Western royal absolutists, of generals and strongmen in Latin America and Asia, of a number of leaders in postcolonial Africa, and of the totalitarian heads of communist statesstill flourished. scholarly analysis of Mussolini, Hitler, Stalin and Mao, as well as Kim Il-sung of North Korea; Franois Duvalier, or Papa Doc, of Haiti; Nicolae Ceauescu of Romania; and Mengistu Haile Mariam of Ethiopia. Definition of Dictatorship Noun Absolute, imperious, or haughty power or control. Although the term oligarchy is rarely used to refer to contemporary political systems, the phenomenon of irresponsible rule by small groups has not vanished from the world. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). A dictatorship is a form of government in which a person or a small group rules with almost unlimited power. [98] Several Middle Eastern countries were the subject of military coups in the 1950s and 1960s, including Iraq, Syria, North Yemen, and South Yemen. 1 : the office of dictator 2 : autocratic rule, control, or leadership people suffering under his dictatorship 3 a : a form of government in which absolute power is concentrated in a dictator or a small clique Communism and dictatorship b : a government organization or group in which absolute power is so concentrated In the Aristotelian classification of government, there were two forms of rule by the few: aristocracy and its debased form, oligarchy. [64][65][66], Dictatorship developed as a major form of government in the 19th century, though the concept was not universally seen pejoratively at the time, with both a tyrannical concept and a quasi-constitutional concept of dictatorship understood to exist. ", "Dictators and Their Followers: A Theory of Dictatorship", "The many Robespierres from 1794 to the present", "A Family of Political Concepts: Tyranny, Despotism, Bonapartism, Caesarism, Dictatorship, 1750-1917", "The Age of the Caudillos: A Chapter in Hispanic American History", "Europe Will be a Fascist Europe: July 1934May 1936", "African military coups d'tat, 19562001: frequency, trends and distribution", "From Protest to Change of Regime: The 419 Revolt and The Fall of the Rhee Regime in South Korea*", "The waning of the military coup in Arab politics", "Introduction: Studying Communist Dictatorships: From Comparative to Transnational History", "Military Coups and Military Rule in Latin America", "Cuba: The United States and Batista, 1952-58", "The Predicament of Europe's 'Last Dictator', "The Kremlin Emboldened: How Putin Wins Support", "The Resistible Rise of Vladimir Putin: Russia's Nightmare Dressed Like a Daydream", "Biden suggests Putin is a 'dictator' who has committed 'genocide half a world away', "5. Hours after Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaid landed in Miami after being thrown out of Colombia, I talked with him extensively about Colombian President Gustavo Petro's initiative to . [79] Fascism developed in Europe as a rejection of liberalism, socialism, and modernism, and the first fascist political parties formed in the 1920s. The Kim family, specifically Supreme Leaders Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-il, and Kim Jong-un, has ruled North Korea since 1948. Italian dictator Benito Mussolini coined the term totalitario in the early 1920s to characterize the new fascist state of Italy, which he further described as "all within the state, none outside the state, none . Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and they are facilitated through an inner circle of elites that includes advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. International Retailing Strategy & Operations, GED Social Studies: Civics & Government, US History, Economics, Geography & World, Intro to Excel: Essential Training & Tutorials, Financial Accounting: Homework Help Resource, UExcel Business Law: Study Guide & Test Prep, Introduction to Human Resource Management: Certificate Program, Human Resource Management: Help and Review, College Macroeconomics: Homework Help Resource, Introduction to Macroeconomics: Help and Review, UExcel Business Ethics: Study Guide & Test Prep, Principles of Business Ethics: Certificate Program, DSST Computing and Information Technology Prep, Create an account to start this course today. Even as he tightens his grip on power the end is visible. [143], Institutions that coerce the opposition through the use of violence may serve different roles or they may be used to counterbalance one another in order to prevent one institution from becoming too powerful. [14], Unless they have undertaken a self-coup, those seizing power typically have little governmental experience and do not have a detailed policy plan in advance. The term dictatorship comes from the Latin title dictator, which in the Roman Republic designated a temporary magistrate who was granted extraordinary powers in order to deal with state crises. Speaking on May Day, he said, "Today our working-class . [87] Populist movements were strengthened following the economic turmoil of the Great Depression, producing populist dictatorships in several Latin American countries. Poverty has a destabilizing effect on government, causing democracy to fail and regimes to fall more often.

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