thalassemia minor and covid immunity

They result in low hemoglobin production and destruction of red blood cells. The immune systems of more than 95% of people who recovered from COVID-19 had durable memories of the virus up to eight months after infection. Facial Presentation in People with Beta-Thalassemia Major, The Hidden Signs You May Have a Red Meat Allergy From a Tick Bite, Alpha Thalassemia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and More, Alopecia Areata and Diet: Foods to Eat and Avoid. A 2022 study found that people with beta-thalassemia trait were also at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19. Lack of hemoglobin can lead to insufficient oxygen in your bodily tissues. Noun P, Ibrahim A, Hodroj MH, Bou-Fakhredin R, Taher AT. It's also helpful to know your blood typespecifically the Rh factorduring pregnancy, so your doctor can troubleshoot if the unborn baby has a different Rh factor. Telehealth visits, which are appointments with a healthcare provider using electronic devices from your home, are considered the equivalent of an in-person visit in many ways and can provide excellent care in many situations. The information in this article is current as of the date listed. The forgotten people with thalassemia in the time of COVID-19: South Asian perspective. may help support the immune system's ability to fight infections. A second dose of Pfizer or Moderna at least 4 weeks after 1st dose, less susceptibility to developing COVID-19, fewer intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, higher susceptibility to dying from COVID-19, surgery to remove your spleen or gallbladder. Beta thalassemia may protect against COVID 19. A recent study in the Lombardy region identified the positivity of anti-Covid-19 antibodies in 4.5 . Mark S. Lesney. Beta-thalassemia causes symptoms related to anemia, including weak or brittle bones, and leads to problems with how your bones develop. The study from Iran found that having a diagnosis of thalassemia was associated with poorer outcomes, particularly for people who have complications of thalassemia. Objectives: Many patients with haemoglobinopathies, including thalassaemia and sickle cell disease, are at increased risk of developing severe complications from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). So, its important to know your status. Care of patients with hemoglobin disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: An overview of recommendations. For adults who are immunocompromised, the CDC recommends: People with thalassemia were excluded from COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, so its unclear if vaccines are as effective for people with thalassemia as the general population. Blood transfusions are a mainstay of treatment for some people with thalassemia. However, as the situation surrounding COVID-19 continues to evolve, it's possible that some data have changed since publication. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease that has become a global public health concern after being first reported in China and has subsequently spread worldwide. With thalassemia trait, your red blood cells are smaller than those in people who dont have the trait. Your body produces a variety of different cells that fight invading germs. 2023 Healthline Media LLC. There have been multiple studies on blood types and COVID-19 risk. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. If both parents carry a trait for either alpha- or beta-thalassemia, their child could develop a severe form of the disease. People with thalassemia trait dont usually have symptoms. In general, if both parents have thalassemia trait, theres a: Because more genes are involved in alpha-thalassemia trait, there are several possible outcomes depending on each parents combination of genes. Some research findings have suggested that people with blood types A and AB are more susceptible to contracting COVID-19, while those with blood type O are less likely to test positive for the virus. The results provide hope that people receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccines will develop similar lasting immune memories after vaccination. Some research suggests that people with beta thalassemia may be at an elevated risk of developing severe illness or death from COVID-19, but research is still mixed. But blood tests can only lead doctors to presume that you have the trait. Its most common in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean. Here's What You Need to Know, Omicron Infection Timeline: When Symptoms Start and How Long They Last. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted (2022). Med Sci Monit Basic Res. Thalassemia also increases the likelihood to form blood clots. There are two types of alpha-thalassemia trait. This causes less severe anemia. Genetic testing is the only way to confirm whether you carry the gene. Special consideration is needed for both people who have had their spleens removed and for those who have had bone marrow/stem cell transplants to treat their thalassemia. In a 2022 study, researchers found lower rates of vaccine-related side effects among 186 people with thalassemia major than in vaccine clinical trials. doi:10.23750/abm.v91i3.10155, De Sanctis VD, Canatan D, Corrons JLV, et al. Bender MA, et al. Anecdotal reports are surfacing that some people are developing tinnitus days after receiving one of the COVID vaccines. Is the COVID-19 Vaccine Linked to Tinnitus? Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder caused by an inherited mutation in your HBB gene. Amidst coronavirus outbreak, thalassemics are facing blood shortage concerns. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. If you have potential symptoms of beta thalassemia, a doctor may order a blood test to look for signs of the disease. Newborn screening tests in the United States dont specifically check for thalassemia trait. April 20, 2020. The site is secure. For many people with alopecia areata, dietary changes and adding certain supplements can help manage and treat the condition. However, more epidemiological studies are required in the aim to obtain a strong signal. According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, thalassemia can affect your ability to become pregnant and increase your risk of complications if you do. People who are moderate to severely immunocompromised may need additional doses of the COVID-19 vaccine to stay protected. Two recently published studies have found that people who recover from COVID-19 develop antibodies that may last almost a year. Bookshelf Thus far, studies have been mixed as to whether thalassemia patients are more likely to experience serious outcomes of COVID-19 (such as hospitalization or death). HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Does Anemia Cause Weight Loss or Weight Gain? Recessive means that you need two copies of the faulty gene to have the disease. Richard N. Fogoros, MD, is a retired professor of medicine and board-certified internal medicine physician and cardiologist. Susceptibility of -Thalassemia heterozygotes to COVID-19. The dosages and timing, however, should be carefully discussed with your healthcare before starting any supplement. (2014). For the latest on COVID-19, visit our coronavirus news page. People who have had splenectomies have a greater risk of developing bacterial infections as well as sepsis. All rights reserved. COVID vaccine & autoimmune disease FAQ. It's recommended that antibiotics be started immediately if people develop a fever or other signs of an infection. Objectives: On one side of the equation, glucocorticoids can slow the clearance of the virus from the respiratory tract. The information in this story is accurate as of press time. We avoid using tertiary references. Kakkar S, et al. While there are no specific guidelines at this time, some researchers believe that hemoglobin levels should be monitored closely in people with thalassemia if they develop COVID-19, even when symptoms are only mild. A few options include: Current recommendations are that for people who have been treated with Reblozyl, the medication should be continued even if a person develops COVID-19 (there is no evidence that it should be stopped). (2022). Learn more about its symptoms and how it's diagnosed. Aim: Low levels of immune-related micronutrients have been identified in -thalassemia samples. And while some people develop more severe forms of COVID-19, others develop mild or no symptoms. What Are the Differences Between the Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 Vaccines? What Are the Symptoms of Antiphospholipid Syndrome? Vulnerability of -thalassemia heterozygotes to COVID-19: Results from a cohort study. eCollection 2022. "As an individual, you have your blood typethere's nothing you can do about it.". This complication should be monitored and treated as it is for people with other forms of preexisting heart disease. Would you like email updates of new search results? 2023 Jan 1;15(1):e2023007. People with severe forms of beta thalassemia may be at a higher risk of developing severe illness than people in the general population if theyre infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19. 2022 Oct;58(10):1760-1765. doi: 10.1111/jpc.16082. Blood and Bone Marrow Genetic Disorders. Respiratory failure may occur just as with people who do not have thalassemia. But you can pass the gene on to future generations. You likely wont have any symptoms. If symptoms occur, theyre likely to be mild. IgA is active against several pathogens, including rotavirus, poliovirus, influenza virus, and SARS-CoV-2. 2020 Sep 25;15(1):265. doi: 10.1186/s13023-020-01543-0. People with the most severe form of the disease may require regular blood transfusions. If your MCV is too low, they may order further blood tests to check for thalassemia trait. The CDC recommends mRNA vaccines for people who are moderately or severely immunocompromised. It's not known whether blood clots with COVID-19 are more common among people with thalassemia, but healthcare providers should be aware of this potential risk. Thalassemia trait, aka thalassemia minor, usually doesnt cause health issues. With more research, we may one day have a clearer understanding of the connection between COVID-19 and different blood types. "All may acquire COVID-19 and all should take the recommended precautions to reduce the risk.". These drugs can reduce inflammation in blood vessels (endothelial inflammation) during viral infections. Its severity varies greatly between people. government site. rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/thalassemia-major/, bccdc.ca/Health-Info-Site/Documents/COVID-19_vaccine/Thalassemia_Clinical_Guidance.pdf, heart.org/en/beyond-the-table/stories/covid-19-vaccine-is-high-priority-for-cardiac-patients, autoimmuneinstitute.org/vaccine-autoimmune-disease-faq/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8811850/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7321655/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8247188/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9016533/, medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.25.22278009v1.full, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8397014/, ncsl.org/research/health/school-immunization-exemption-state-laws.aspx, cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/downloads/summary-interim-clinical-considerations.pdf, cdc.gov/ncbddd/thalassemia/treatment.html, cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/clinical-considerations/interim-considerations-us.html, Everything You Need to Know About Thalassemia, Will COVID-19 Vaccines Give Lifelong Immunity to the Disease? Some blood donation programs were stopped (or decreased) worldwide, and hesitancy of blood donors to venture out and risk exposure to COVID-19 has also contributed to shortages. Laboratory diagnosis of thalassemia. 2020;40(4):587-601.doi:10.1016/j.cll.2020.08.013, Hossain MS, Raheem E, Siddidqee MH. States with religious and philosophical exemptions from school immunization requirements. Beta-Thalassemia Minor and SARS-CoV-2: Physiopathology, Prevalence, Severity, Morbidity, and Mortality. Researchers found no link between blood type and COVID-19 risk, adding that more research was needed on the topic. Prevention measures are very important. Vaccines can help people with beta thalassemia lower their chances of getting COVID-19 or having severe illness if they do get COVID-19. However, the results of studies have differed regarding how beta thalassemia affects outcomes. hypoxic effect of anaemia in COVID-19 . They only have one mutated HBB gene from their parents. The second study (also from October 2020) from researchers in Canada looked at data from 95 patients who were severely ill with COVID-19. Sadly, the reduction in the blood supply has led many people with thalassemia to receive fewer transfusions than usual, prompting healthcare providers caring for people with the condition to look for options that may reduce the need for or frequency of transfusions. Do people with thalassemia trait need treatment? Here are some frequently asked questions people have about beta thalassemia and COVID-19 vaccines. Beta thalassemia minor and SARS-CoV-2, prevalence, severity, morbidity and mortality: A systematic review study. (2021). 2020;6(9):FSO628. Am J Hematol. Learn what having thalassemia may mean for you during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, it is unknown if COVID-19 vaccines are as efficacious for patients with thalassemia as they were found to be for the clinical trial participants . Expert Rev Hematol. (2020). A comprehensive update of ICET-A Network on COVID-19 in thalassemias: what we know and where we stand. They also indicate that haemochromatosis type 1 might confer some protection. 2023 Feb 14;9:1082611. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1082611. Materials & Methods: Searches of PUBMED and EMBASE were conducted to identify the level and . Yes, you can have the trait for both alpha- and beta-thalassemia. These antigens help prompt a response from your body's immune system. Experts are warning people that they may have an allergy to red meat if they develop these gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods: In fact, some medications used for thalassemia may actually be helpful. Lynne Eldrige, MD, is a lung cancer physician, patient advocate, and award-winning author of "Avoiding Cancer One Day at a Time.". A simple blood test could let a doctor know if you have alpha- or beta-thalassemia minor. But they do test for sickle cell anemia, which can also detect thalassemia. Jason DelCollo, DO, is a board-certified medicine physician and associate faculty member at the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine. Differences in how people have reacted to COVID-19and whyhave occupied researchers throughout the pandemic. It protects the epithelial barriers from pathogens and modulates excessive immune responses in . About 1.5% of the worlds population carry HBB mutations that cause beta thalassemia. The use of corticosteroid medications (such as prednisone) can have both positive and negative effects and must be carefully weighed in people with thalassemia. (2021). Working with your healthcare team to keep up with thalassemia treatments, getting vaccinated, and monitoring and treating for complications early if COVID-19 symptoms do develop are the recommended strategies to staying healthy through the pandemic. COVID-19 and thalassemia: Frequently asked questions. Clinical guidance on COVID-19 vaccines for people with thalassemia. The COVID-19 pandemic may affect both the treatment of thalassemia in general and how COVID-19 is treated in people with thalassemia who become infected. Still, the study authors wrote, "the impact of blood type on clinical outcomes remains unclear. Symptoms can range from none at all to severe anemia that requires frequent blood transfusions. Thalassemia: Understanding the Inherited Blood Disorder, What Hemoglobin Does and Why It Is Important, When Iron Deficiency Anemia Is Not What It Appears to Be, What to Know About Chronic Kidney Disease and COVID-19, What to Know About Sickle Cell Disease and COVID-19, Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS), Iron Chelation Preparations and Side Effects, What to Know About Parkinsons Disease and COVID-19, Alpha Thalassemia Types, Diagnosis, and Treatment, What to Know About Organ Transplants and COVID-19, A comprehensive update of ICET-A Network on COVID-19 in thalassemias: what we know and where we stand, COVID-19.

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